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英 [ba?] 美[ba?]

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prep. 通過；被；依據(jù)；經(jīng)由；在附近；在……之前
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考試真題

When we acquire new information, the brain automatically tries to incorporate ( ' , 合并) it within existing information by forming associations.

Top of Britons' toilet paper wish list is softness ( ' , 57%) followed by strength ( ' , 45%) and thickness ( ' , 36%).

They were looked after by physicians.

They were encouraged by psychologists.

They are cherished by the rich.

These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers, which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special offer.

The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both the modern marketplace and the expectations of employees.

The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality ( ' , 專業(yè)) and rank.

That's a big education in art by itself.

So it's no surprise that cultures around the world celebrate spring by honoring the egg.

Others elevate the egg into a fancy art, like the heavily jewel-covered eggs that were favored by the Russians starting in the 19th century.

Leah's first yoga studio was by no means an immediate success.

Leah gained confidence by laying out her fears and confronting them directly.

In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2%, with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from ￡43 in 2014 to ￡41 in 2015.

Hackman ( ' , who died in 2013) noted that teams are hindered by problems of co-ordination and motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration.

Feeling the need to change, Leah started playing with future possibilities by exploring her interests and developing new capabilities.

By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and completely.

By naming her fears and facing them head-on, Leah gained confidence.

By conventional standards, Leah was a typical successful woman before she changed her career.

But a new report by Deloitte, Global Human Capital Trends, based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high.

Apartments will retain their appeal for a while for Millennials, haunted by what happened to home-owning parents.

Apart from the specific trends highlighted above, which cause some investors to worry, the report portrays an overall optimism borne by the recent healthy real-estate upcycle and improving economy.

According to a report by Deloitte, teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among companies.

A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are engaged is to give them more control over where and how they do their work—which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.

The team was led by Dr.

One of the creatures made a dramatic appearance by moving on to the head of the team leader as he slept.

His team was hit by a snowmobile driver, injuring several dogs and killing a three-year-old male dog.

He estimated that the comfort level will increase considerably in five to ten years3) One dog has been killed and multiple dogs have been injured by a snowmobile driver in what appears to be an intentional attack on competitors in the Iditarod Race in Alaska.

Dogs may have learned to detect threat signs from humans and respond by trying to make peace, according to researcher Sanni Somppi.

But those surveyed by AAA say they trust their own driving skills.

Blandon, the boat’s owner, has been arrested by Nicaraguan authorities, the state-run news agency said.

Advocates of selfdriving cars argue they will be safer than in cars driven by humans because they wouldn’t get distracted or drive when tired.

We must cut carbon emissions by 80% from their 2006 levels by 2020, stabilize the world's population at eight billion by 2040, completely remove poverty, and restore forests and soils.

The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.

The book is co-authored by Long Island University's philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.

It was based on concepts developed at Vanderbilt University's Peabody College by Susan Gray, the legendary pioneer in early childhood education research.

Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes, according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life.

In our pursuit of the good life, he says, it is important to seek out true pleasures—advice which was originally offered by Epicurus.

I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in a mental and spiritual way, which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure.

I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed.

Food-import anxiety is even leading to new efforts by food-importing countries to buy or lease farmland in other countries.

Examine your lifeSoupios, along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy—Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others.

Children's personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.

By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.

By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.

By imitating the behavior of properly brought-up human beings.

By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.

By following individuals over time, Salthouse said, we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline.

But what effect does your personality have on your longevity ( ' , 長壽)? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.

As water tables have fallen and irrigation wells have gone dry, China's wheat crop, the world's largest, has declined by 8% since it peaked at 123 million tons in 1997.

In any case, new graduate students can learn who their advisers or temporary advisers are by visiting or emailing the departmental office and asking for the information.

But many tech home ? remedies can be explained by a little science.

With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar ( ' , 入室盜賊) might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable.

We can cultivate a growth mind-set in children by telling success stories that emphasize hard work and love of learning.

Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.

The researchers, led by Martin Reimann, carried out a series of experiments to see if people would choose a smaller meal if it was paired with a non-food item.

The most likely type of burglary ( ' , 入室盜竊) by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry.

The idea of gamification was practiced by some businesses more than a century ago.

The average international runway model has a body mass index ( ' , BMI) under 16—low enough to indicate starvation by the World Health Organization's standard.

Teachers are not people who are great at and consumed by research and happen to appear in a classroom.

Some people, Werbach says, are motivated by competition.

Others are more motivated by collaboration and social experiences.

Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.

Many of the reductions over the past 30 years have been achieved either by reducing the amount of sugar, salt or fat in a product, or by finding an alternative ingredient.

In addition, parents and teachers can help children by providing explicit instruction regarding the mind as a learning machine.

I offer a simple proposition in response: Many of our problems—class attendance, educational success, student happiness and well-being—might be improved by cutting down the bureaucratic ( ' , 官僚的) mechanisms and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers.

How do we transmit a growth mind-set to our children? One way is by telling stories about achievements that result from hard work.

Elimination of forced weight loss by models.

Cracker Jacks has been gamifying its snack food by putting a small prize inside for more than 100 years, he adds, and the turn-ofthe- century steel magnate ( ' , 巨頭) Charles Schwab is said to have often come into his factory and written the number of tons of steel produced on the past shift on the factory floor, thus motivating the next shift of workers to beat the previous one.

Confronted by a setback such as a disappointing test grade, students with a growth mind-set said they would study harder or try a different strategy.

By contrast, a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattier fare.

Burglars can easily get a security device's frequency by Internet search.

At the beginning of seventh grade, we assessed the students' mind-sets by asking them to agree or disagree with statements such as Your intelligence is something very basic about you that you can't really change.

As a result, their math grades overtook those of the other students by the end of the first semester—and the gap between the two groups continued to widen during the two years we followed them.

Any device that's built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequency can be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency.

Animal experiments by psychologists at the University of Pennsylvania had shown that after repeated failures, most animals conclude that a situation is hopeless and beyond their control.

A recent report suggests that the global gamification market will grow from $1.65 billion in 2015 to $11.1 billion by 2020.

They are paid by the government.

The rock salt mine is one of three operated by Cargill with the other two in Louisiana and Ohio.

Mr.Kibara and hundreds of other farmers have been removing some of their tea bushes and planting a new kind of tea developed by the Tea Research Foundation of Kenya.

He was ?saving the life of a 9-month-old ?boy who was blown into the path ?of an oncoming subway train by ?a high wind.

Another is surrounded on all sides by Italy.

Abergeldie Castle located in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, was built by Sir Alexander Gordon of Midmar who later became the Earl of Huntly.

A 16th century castle in Scotland is close to collapsing after lumps of soil were washed away by floods, threatening its foundations.

You may need to start by encouraging your current network to help you identify your blind spots.

Why do so many Americans eat tons of processed food, the stuff that is correctly called junk ( ' , 垃圾 ) and should really carry warning labels? It's not because fresh ingredients are hard to come by.

What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities—from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga—by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under clock time vs task time.

This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time.

They are hardly understood by the public.

They are deserted by their family.

They accomplish their tasks one by one.

There have been half-hearted but well-publicized efforts by some food companies to reduce calories in their processed foods, but the Standard American Diet is still the polar opposite of the healthy, mostly plant-based diet that just about every expert says we should be eating.

The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time.

The author's mother taught him a valuable lesson by pointing out lots of flaws in his seemingly perfect essay.

The author gradually improved his writing by avoiding fancy language.

Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with, often because they are pressured by their administrators, treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility.

It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.

I concluded that the profit from burgers is more than offset ( ' , 抵消 ) by the damage they cause in health problems and environmental harm.

I am not sure if she was more upset by my hubris ( ' , 得意忘形 ) or by the fact that my English teacher had let my ego get so out of hand.

Human lives are governed by the desire to experience joy.

Writing in the journal, the scientists describe how the storks from Germany were clearly affected by the presence of waste sites, with four out of six birds that survived for at least five months overwintering on rubbish dumps in northern Morocco, instead of migrating to the Sahel.

While these numbers are still being validated by the state, we feel any adjustments they might suggest will be immaterial, Morgan wrote to the presidents.

Well-off families are ruled by calendars, with children enrolled in ballet, soccer and after-school programs, according to a new Pew Research Center survey.

To promote sales of its products by lowering prices.

There is strong evidence that both innovation and adoption of cleaner technology are strongly encouraged by higher fossil fuel prices.

The video challenge does not put individual students on the hot seat—so it's less intimidating by design.

The summer program run by a nonprofit organization has helped many underserved students learn advanced math.

The consumer was ultimately to be mentioned as well, especially by the likes of Dorothy Shaver, who could point to the sales figures at Lord & Taylor.

The Math Olympiad Summer Training Program is a three-week math camp held by the Mathematical Association of America that leads straight to the international championship and is free for those who make it.

The International Monetary Fund calculates that countries can generate substantial fiscal revenues by eliminating fossil fuel subsidies and levying carbon charges that capture the domestic damage caused by emissions.

The German traveler Johann Winckelmann pioneered the field of art history with his comprehensive study of Greek and Roman sculpture; he was portrayed by his friend Anton Raphael Mengs at the beginning of his long residence in Rome.

That letter, which includes several concerns Morgan has with the plan, was originally obtained by The Commercial Appeal in Memphis.

Tennessee's technical and community colleges will not outsource ( ' , 外包) management of their facilities to a private company, a decision one leader said was bolstered by an analysis of spending at each campus.

Since there were few museums anywhere in Europe before the close of the eighteenth century, Grand Tourists often saw paintings and sculptures by gaining admission to private collections, and many were eager to acquire examples of Greco-Roman and Italian art for their own collections.

Setting the right carbon price will therefore efficiently align the costs paid by carbon users with the true social opportunity cost of using carbon.

Renewables account for only a small share of global primary energy consumption, which is still dominated by fossil fuels—30% each for coal and oil, 25% for natural gas.

Physical punishment is used much less by well-educated parents.

People used to live near people of different income levels; neighborhoods are now more segregated by income.

Oil prices have dropped by over 60% since June 2014.

Most Grand Tourists, however, stayed for briefer periods and set out with less scholarly intentions, accompanied by a teacher or guardian, and expected to return home with souvenirs of their travels as well as an understanding of art and architecture formed by exposure to great masterpieces.

Moreover, nonparticipation by nations, if sufficiently widespread, can undermine the political will of participating countries to act.

Math circles provide students with access to advanced-math training by university professors.

Many scientists believe that El Ni o events, caused by warming in the Pacific, are becoming more intense as a result of climate change.

It is backed by a campus spending analysis.

It has been flatly rejected by the governor.

In an email sent Monday to college presidents in the Tennessee Board of Regents system, outgoing Chancellor John Morgan said an internal analysis showed that each campus' spending on facilities management fell well below the industry standards identified by the state.

In addition, other factors are putting downward pressure on oil prices: change in the strategic behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the projected increase in Iranian exports, the scaling-down of global demand ( ' , especially from emerging markets), the long-term drop in petroleum consumption in the United States, and some displacement of oil by substitutes.

If not corrected by the appropriate carbon price, low fossil fuel prices are not accurately signaling to markets the true social profitability of clean energy.

I'd much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions, she says.

Futures markets, which show only a modest recovery of prices to around $60 a barrel by 2019, support this view.

For example, the United Arab Emirates has endorsed an ambitious target to draw 24% of its primary energy consumption from renewable sources by 2021.

Facilities management by colleges is more cost-effective.

Discipline techniques vary by education level: 8% of those with a postgraduate degree say they often beat their children, compared with 22% of those with a high school degree or less.

Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price: they do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to over-use fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmospheric greenhouse gases without regard to the collateral ( ' , 附帶的) costs.

Designer sportswear would have to be verified by a standard other than that of pure beauty; the emulation of a designer's life in designer sportswear was a crude version of this relationship.

By raising relative demand for clean energy sources, a carbon price would also help align the market return to clean-energy innovation with its social return, spurring the refinement of existing technologies and the development of new ones.

By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.

But will such contests, which are overwhelmingly dominated by Asian and white students from middle-class and affluent families become any more diverse? Many social and cultural factors play roles in determining which promising students get on the path toward international math recognition.

Can you tell us how you first became interested in this subject matter?( ' , 9 ) Wh e n f a c i n g a n e w situation, some people tend to rehearse their defeat by spending too much time anticipating the worst.

While the practice carries serious health risks for many, those dangers are outweighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food.

We have everything to gain by encouraging them to explore the world beyond their immediate experience and to prepare themselves for their turn at shaping that world.

They can be addressed by improved sanitation.

The survey shows us that today's teens are affectionate, sensible and far happier than the angry and tortured souls that have been painted for us by stereotypes.

The lawsuits said that the label was misleading because it gave the impression that the products had been certified by a third party when the certification was the company's own.

The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the Senate Finance Committee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise in medical costs over the long term.

The gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars found that even in high-poverty schools, teachers consistently had a huge positive or negative impact.

The changes would have to be approved or rejected as a whole by Congress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will.

That is far less likely to happen if Congress also adopts strong pay-go rules requiring that any increase in payments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts.

Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year.

Recently, we examined more than 400 essays on the laws of life that teens from two communities had written as part of an educational program initiated by the John Templeton Foundation in Radnor, Pa.

Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, is propelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services in this country and the volume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lot more tests and treatments than a patient really needs.

Manufacturers of products that claim to be environmentally friendly will face tighter rules on how they are advertised to consumers under changes proposed by the Federal Trade Commission.

Malpractice awards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high-risk specialties, and there is some evidence that doctors engage in defensive medicine by performing tests and treatments primarily to prove they are not negligent should they get sued.

It misled consumers to believe that its products had been certified by a third party.

It is manufactured by a famous British company.

In time it should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant tests, preventing drug interactions, and helping doctors find the best treatments.

In the developing countries, it says, most of the environmental problems are caused by underdevelopment.

Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year's Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.

His company's products had been well received by the public.

Frederick's central idea, that stove, sink and kitchen table must be placed in such a relation that useless steps are avoided entirely, inspired the first fully fitted kitchen, designed in the 1920s by Margarete Schütter-Libotsky.

Farmers and consumers may be affected by harmful bacteria.

By and large, these are very nice kids, and as the band The Who used to sing, The kids are alright.

But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment, in rich and poor parts of the world alike, whether through unregulated mineral extraction, drastic water use for agriculture, slash-and-burn farming, or fossil-fuel-guzzling ( ' , 大量消耗) transport.

Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospitals, nursing homes and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savings routinely made in other industries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organize work.

And the head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices, perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or demanding better deals from providers.

A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year.

The US has already lost more than a third of the native languages that existed before European colonisation, and the remaining 192 are classed by UNESCO as ranging between unsafe and extinct.

In fact, they are prescribed and they’regiven at a certain level, a dosage that is understood by a practitioner who’s been trained.

A study by the Centre for Research on the?Epidemiology of Disasters finds that, between 1980 and 2007, nearly 8,400 natural disasters killed more than twomillion people.

find digital devices simply indispensablecommunicate primarily by mobile phonelight their homes with stored solar energydistribute power with wires and wooden polesbenefit their business transmit power faster promote innovationencourage competitionIt might become a thing of the past.

With competition from many countries, Antarctica is no longer dominated by the traditional white nations.

Too many workplace policies effectively prohibit employees from developing a healthy work-life balance by barring them from taking time off, even when they need it most.

There's a lot for students to complain about: the repayment threshold for paying back loans will be frozen for five years, meaning that lower-paid graduates have to start repaying their loans; and maintenance grants have been replaced by loans, meaning that students from poorer backgrounds face higher debt than those with wealthier parents.

The research stations on King George lsland offer a glimpse into the long game on this ice-blanketed continent as nations assert themselves, eroding the sway long held by countries like the United States, Britain, Australia and New Zealand.

The old days of the Antarctic being dominated by the interests and wishes of white men from European, Australasian and North American states are over, said Klaus Dodds, a politics scholar at the University of London who specialises in Antarctica.

The goal of keeping global temperature rise well below 2 ℃ is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.

South Korea opened its second Antarctic research base in 2014, describing it as a way to test robots developed by Korean researchers for use in extreme conditions.

Since tobacco is one of the biggest causes of premature death in the UK, a measure that tames the habit even by a fraction is worth trying.

Less than an hour away by snowmobile, Chinese labourers have updated the Great Wall Station, a vital part of China's plan to operate five bases on Antarctica, complete with an indoor badminton court and sleeping quarters for 150 people.

It is still easy to be dazzled by the display of drones ( ' , 無人機 ), 3D printers, virtual reality goggles ( ' , 眼鏡 ) and more smart devices than you could ever hope to catalog.

It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Cameron's election campaign director, had previously acted for Philip Morris International.

Instead, some in Africa and Asia are seeing their first lightbulbs illuminated by the power of sunlight stored in batteries.

Health problems caused by stress in the workplace result in huge public health expenses.

Consumers are becoming increasingly bored with what companies have to offer: A survey of 28,000 consumers in 28 countries released by Accenture found consumers are not as excited about technology as they once were.

By the end of the decade, it's expected to be worth over $50 billion and generate 160 gigawatt-hours, enough to attract the attention of major companies that might not otherwise be interested in a decidedly pedestrian technology.

Brazil opened a research station in 1984, but it was largely destroyed by a fire that killed two members of the navy in 2012, the same year that a diesel-laden Brazilian barge sank near the base.

Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been dubbed the invisible risk group by the study's authors.

We hope you enjoy the series about how you can make a difference by becoming a social worker.

The legend says that when seven girls were attacked by bears, they took refuge on top of a small rock, and they appealed to the Rock God for help.

The God caused the rock to grow and to lift the girls far above the ground, while its sides were scored by the claws of the angry bears.

Small wonder that an Indian legend described Devils Tower as being formed by supernatural powers.

Of the 46 beverages endorsed by professional athletes, 93 percent relied exclusively on sugar for all of their calories.

In ponds closest to the colony, the result showed there were far more pollutants than the ponds less affected by the birds.

In a report published by the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale university, researchers studied 100 professional athletes and their endorsement contracts.

Currently, there’s mounting criticism of Michelle Obama’s Let’s Move campaign, which fights childhood obesity by encouraging youngsters to become more physically active, and it signed on singer Beyonce and basketball player Shaquille O’Neal, both of whom also endorse sodas which are a major contributor to the obesity epidemic.

But by 2014, the death rate from Alzheimer’s Disease for this age group have more than doubled, increasing from 3.8% to 8.5%, making the progressive brain disease the second leading cause of death for centenarians.

Born in fire and fury, Devils Tower was then shaped by the slow, gentle work of wind and water.

After sorting the deals by category, they determined that among the 512 brands associated with the athletes, most involve sporting goods, followed closely by food and beverage brands.

When we can't actually remove the source of our fear, we tend to adapt psychologically by adopting a range of defence mechanisms, says Tom Crompton, change strategist for the environmental organisation World Wide Fund for Nature.

This was made clear by the work of two sociologists, Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa.

A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.

A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556-4183.

A photography exhibition held by Han Media to celebrate its founding in New York city on April 24, featuring three emerging Chinese photographers; yingxi Michael Shi, Haiyin lin and liming Guan, whose works have appeared in publications such as Vogue.

A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only musician in his family.

A study found that a strong nifio in 1997-98 helped America's economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the midwest gained from extra rain.

A study of travelers conducted by the website tripadvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.

A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comParison to total waste, the concentration of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in nature.

A teacher who wants to learn on-line teaching is expected to arrive by 2:00 pm.

A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third.

A tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local slow money group.

A week went by, a woman called to speak to Alice.

According to a new survey (調(diào)查) by the national sleep foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early.

According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El nino's harmful effects.

According to the passage, the Adelmans set up "movers and Shakespeares" to give advice on leadership by analysing Shakespeare's plays.

Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades.

Actually, one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking.

After hearing Steve's playing, Naomi was deeply impressed by his music.

Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit.

Among the items provided by the school for a visual presentation are a desktop computer and loudspeakers.

An educational program is best watched by a child with his parents.

And Britain is by far the largest importer of tea in the world.

And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.

And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — lunch! the parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.

And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true.

Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by lowering the walls that separate workstations.

Another simple way of building some savings is by depositing as little as two percent of your monthly income into a savings account.

Another trend is off-site or virtual management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses.

Any child must be accompanied by at least one paying adult.

Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.

As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010—2030.

As for the working environment, Tains prefers working by herself.

As the months went by, the rabbits saw that I was no threat and didn't escape.

As the months went by, I began to realize that I actually wanted to walk misty.

As the sun's rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa comes to life.

At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.

At the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 metres Olympic gold.

Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that lost dog.

Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.

Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.

Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn't touch the price per pound offered by California farms.

Better sewers make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.

Boldness can be gained little by little.

Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.

Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was raised by human caretakers.

Bruce Peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.

But every day, we would sit by the lake, looking at the house and dreaming of what it would be like to live there.

But he later said, "those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night."

But if the damage is caused by the user, you will have to pay for the repair.

But it doesn't happen by accident.

But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.

But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much.

But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly.

But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers.

But their interest soon wears off and by January those same toys can be found put away in the basement.

By 2000 the average age was 65.

By analysing the numbers, it found the average mother works 119 hours a week, 40 of which would usually be paid at a standard rate and 79 hours as overtime.

By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived.

By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.

By comParison, the brains of apes (類人猿) require only 8%of rest-time energy.

By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems (生態(tài)系統(tǒng)), small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys.

By contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work.

By doing that hundreds of dollars are wasted on classes that they would have never needed to take.

By feeding the ponies, tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and make them harder to gather during the area's annual pony drift (遷移).

By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.

By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.

By January 26, Billy and three other children had died.

By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.

By looking at us, listening to us, giving us a sense of dignity, papa was unquestionably our most influential teacher.

By mentioning Muhammad Ali's words, the author intends to tell us that motivation allows great athletes to be on the top.

By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that e-waste deserves to be made good use of.

By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England.

By most measurements he was a happy man.

By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams (欺詐).

By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character.

By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.

By paying attention to firms' data assets, antitrust regulators could avoid the size trap.

By promising not to offend the receiver again.

By rail: the nearest station is Cark-in-cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.

By society's standards, they seem to have it made.

By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry.

By that time, the panda no longer needed its mother for food.

By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area.

By the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.

By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.

By the end of the first chapter, requests were coming from the back seat: "Please read a little louder."

By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it right away.

By the time I was nine, I was dancing five days a week.

By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids' teeth, instead of destroying them.

By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside.

By the time these "solutions" become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.

By the time they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.

By the way, are you going to the concert tomorrow evening?

By the way, did you watch that special TV program last night?

By the way, do you know what time it is?

By the way, does your package need packing?

By the way, how many books can I borrow at a time?

By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends.

By tracking people's e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.

This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.

The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike.

Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits.

Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing.

He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.

Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects.

Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution.

But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist.

Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless"species.

” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by management.

“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote,“that I am tempted to define‘journalism’ as‘a(chǎn) term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are'.

Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influcencing their friends and colleagues directly.

This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent.

The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers.

The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out: the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005.

The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is weather it should” reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.

The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders.

That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions.

In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected.

But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.

Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.

At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.

With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver，” creating our inner character and outer circumstances， the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.

However， Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind， and while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone， in reality we are continually faced with a question： “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that？ ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire， Allen concluded ： “ We do not attract what we want， but what we are.

The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree.

The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll.

Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.

Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products.

One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools.

Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.

Besides professionalising the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor.

As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.

The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits ( ' , particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.

The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language-acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar.

Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals.

Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features.

Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.

com, which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.

Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public ( ' , including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.

The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.

The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state.

The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.

One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.

Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.

Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.

Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions.

It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates.

In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.

Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.

Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next.

When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic.

There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.

Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment.

Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive.

Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.

Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.

In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.

By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.

By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.

According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.

One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.

It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word.

In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention.

By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.

Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions.

Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.

“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences ( ' , AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.

Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.

There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.

The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money.

Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.

Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left- liberal propaganda.

Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911.

Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them.

Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident.

In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot.

In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency.

In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education”.

But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.

But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency—permanent dependency if you can get it—supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood.

Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic- field recording, and metal detector.

Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging.

This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues.

This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking.

They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse.

Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.

In plays，novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.

How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar ( ' , 41) you begin to infer a context for the text, for insta4ce, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.

Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.

Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.

“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,” says one researcher.

They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.

The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.

The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.

The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week ( ' , CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.

Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.

Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn.

It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.

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